Ts'ebeletso ea theko ea li-chip tsa boemo bo le bong ba indasteri

Taba ea pele, lihlahisoa tsa indasteri li maemong a nako e telele a mocheso o phahameng haholo / o tlase, mongobo o phahameng, moholi o matla oa letsoai le mahlaseli a motlakase tikolohong e thata, ts'ebeliso ea tikoloho e thata, ka hona li-chips tsa indasteri li tlameha ho ba le botsitso, ts'epahalo e phahameng le ts'ireletso e phahameng, le ho ba le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso (ho etsa mohlala, ho hloka sekhahla sa ts'ebetso ea chip ea indasteri e ka tlase ho milione e le 'ngoe, lihlahisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa li hloka "0" sekhahla sa ho felloa ke matla, litlhoko tsa bophelo ba moralo oa sehlahisoa 7 * lihora tse 24, lilemo tse 10-20 tsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele. (Le ha sekhahla sa ho hloleha ha lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ke karolo ea likete tse tharo tsa liperesente, bophelo ba moralo ke lilemo tse 1-3). Ka hona, moralo le tlhahiso ea li-chips tsa indasteri ho netefatsa taolo e tiileng ea chai, e hlokang limilione tse makholo tsa lichifi tse nang le netefatso ea boleng bo holimo. bokhoni, 'me lihlahisoa tse ling tsa boemo ba indasteri li bile li hloka ho etsa mokhoa o ikhethileng oa tlhahiso.

Ea bobeli, li-chips tsa indasteri ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tloaelo tsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng, ka hona ha li na litšoaneleho tsa li-chips tsa bareki ho hahamalla bokahohleng, tse tloaelehileng, tse sa tsotelleng theko.Li-chips tsa indasteri hangata ke mekhahlelo e fapaneng, sehlopha se le seng sa boholo bo nyane empa se na le boleng bo holimo, bo hlokang ho kopanngoa haufi-ufi ha R & D le likopo, ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bakeng sa maemo a kopo, le ho theha tharollo ka lehlakore la kopo, kahoo tlhahiso ea kopo e bohlokoa joalo ka joalo ka boqapi ba theknoloji.Mmaraka oohle oa li-chip tsa indasteri ha o amehe habonolo ke ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a matla a indasteri e le 'ngoe.Ka hona, ho feto-fetoha ha litheko ho hole le liphetoho tsa li-chips tsa dijithale joalo ka li-memory chips le li-circuits tsa logic, 'me liphetoho tsa' maraka li nyane haholo.Sehlahisoa sa liindasteri se seholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng sa Texas Instruments se fihla ho mefuta e fetang 10,000, phaello ea lihlahisoa e fihla ho feta 60%, athe kholo ea lekeno la selemo le eona e ntse e tsitsitse.

Ea boraro, mohlala oa mantlha oa nts'etsopele ea lik'hamphani tsa chip tsa indasteri bakeng sa mohlala oa IDM.Ts'ebetso ea chip ea indasteri e fapana haholo, e sebelisa lits'ebetso tse ngata tse ikhethang, joalo ka BCD (Biploar, CMOS, DMOS), libaka tse phahameng-frequency le SiGe (silicon germanium) le GaAs (gallium arsenide), ts'ebetso e ngata moleng oa tlhahiso ea ho iketsetsa. ho bonahatsa molemo, kahoo hangata ho hlokahala ho Customize tshebetso le ambalaji, le moralo le tshebetso botebo ba kopanyo ho kopana le litlhoko tsa maemo a khethehileng a kopo ya indasteri.Moetso oa IDM o ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka mekhoa e ikhethileng ea tlhahiso, kahoo e be mohlala o ratoang oa nts'etsopele bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse itlhommeng pele tsa lefats'e tsa liindasteri.Har'a lekeno la lefats'e la thekiso ea li-chip tsa indasteri tse ka bang $48.56 bilione, $37 bilione ea lekeno e kentsoe ke lik'hamphani tsa IDM, 'me tse 18 ho tse 20 tse holimo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ke likhamphani tsa IDM.

Ea bone, 'maraka oa lik'hamphani tsa chip tsa indasteri o phahame,' me boemo ba tse kholo bo tsitsitse nako e telele.Ka lebaka la likarolo tse ngata tse arohaneng tsa 'maraka oa li-chip tsa indasteri, likhoebo tse kholo tse nang le bokhoni bo itseng ba kopanyo, lits'ebetso tse inehetseng le bokhoni ba tlhahiso li atisa ho nka karolo e kholo ea' maraka, 'me li tsoela pele ho hola le ho matlafala ka theko le melemo.Ntle le moo, ka lebaka la indasteri ea li-chip tsa indasteri hangata e liehisa lintlafatso tsa lihlahisoa, e leng se etsang hore lik'hamphani tse ncha tse fokolang li kene lebaleng lena, mokhoa oa ho laola indasteri o ntse o tsoela pele ho matlafala.Ka hona, mokhoa oohle oa 'maraka oa li-chips oa indasteri o bonts'a litšobotsi tsa "tse kholo li lula li le kholo, phello ea' maraka ea monopoly e bohlokoa".Hajoale, lik'hamphani tse 40 tse holimo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tsa liindasteri li nka karolo ea 80% ea kakaretso ea karolo ea mmaraka, athe 'maraka oa liindasteri oa Amerika, bahlahisi ba phahameng ba 20 ba Amerika ba kentse letsoho 92.8% ea karolo ea mmaraka.

Boemo ba ntlafatso ea li-chip tsa indasteri ea China

Ka khothaletso e matla ea China ea meaho e mecha le Marang-rang a liindasteri, sekala sa mmaraka oa li-chip tsa indasteri oa China le ona o tla bona kholo e potlakileng.Ka 2025, ho lebeletsoe hore tlhokahalo ea selemo le selemo ea li-chips ho marang-rang a matla a motlakase a Chaena, lipalangoang tsa literene, matla le lik'hemik'hale, masepala le masimo a mang a indasteri e tla ba haufi le RMB 200 limilione tse likete.Ho ea ka boholo ba mmaraka oa indasteri ea chip ea China ka 2025 e feta likhakanyo tsa 2 trillion, tlhokahalo ea lichifi tsa indasteri feela e bakile 10%.Har'a tsona, tlhokahalo e felletseng ea li-chips tsa liindasteri tsa komporo le taolo, li-analog chips le li-sensor li ikarabella ho feta 60%.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, le hoja Chaena e le naha e kholo ea indasteri, empa ka har'a sehokelo sa chip sa mantlha se morao haholo.Hajoale, China e na le lik'hamphani tse 'maloa tsa li-chip tsa indasteri, palo ha e joalo, empa karohano ka kakaretso ha ea ka ea theha tumellano, tlholisano e felletseng e fokola ho feta baetsi ba kantle ho naha,' me lihlahisoa li tsepame haholo 'marakeng oa maemo a tlase.Ho latela lintlha tsa morao-rao tse tsoang ho IC Insights, Setsi sa Taiwan Technology International Strategy Development Institute, lik'hamphani tse 10 tse holimo ka ho fetisisa tsa meralo ea IC ka 2019 ke, Heisi, Ziguang Group, Howe Technology, Bitmain, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Integrated Circuit, Nanrui Smartcore Microelectronics. , ISSI, Zhaoyi Innovation, le Datang Semiconductor.Har'a bona, Beijing Smartcore Microelectronics e boemong ba bosupa, ke eona feela lethathamong lena la chelete e kenang haholo-holo e tsoang ho baetsi ba li-chip tsa indasteri, tse ling ke li-chips tsa bareki bakeng sa tšebeliso ea sechaba.

Holim'a moo, ho na le tse ling tsa meralo ea lehae le tlhahiso ea baetsi ba li-chip tsa boemo ba liindasteri ha ba bontšoe lethathamong lena, haholo-holo ka sensor le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, lik'hamphani tse ling tsa lehae li entse katleho.Joalo ka Goer ke sebaka se etellang pele sa kutlo sa lapeng, indastering ea elektro-acoustic likarolo tse nyane tsa elektro-acoustic le lihlahisoa tsa bareki ba li-electro-acoustic ho nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea tlholisano haholo.Mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, likhoebo tsa lehae, tse emetsoeng ke CNMC le BYD, li fihletse litholoana tse ntle tšimong ea IGBT, ho hlokomela phetoho ea lehae ea IGBT bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase le seporo se lebelo le holimo.

Ka kakaretso, baetsi ba li-chip tsa indasteri tsa lehae tsa China, lihlahisoa e ntse e le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, taolo ea indasteri MCU, li-sensor, ha li le maemong a mang a maholo a li-chips tsa indasteri, joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa analog tse sebetsang hantle, ADC, CPU, FPGA, polokelo ea indasteri, jj. ho ntse ho na le lekhalo le leholo lipakeng tsa likhoebo tsa China le bahlahisi ba baholo ba machaba.

Ka nako e telele, kaho le nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso tsa indasteri ea China li etelletse pele ho feta lichifi tsa indasteri, 'me lichifi tse sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa indasteri hangata li rekoa ho bahlahisi ba baholo ba tsoang kantle ho naha.Pele ho hlaha likhohlano tsa khoebo lipakeng tsa China le United States, bahlahisi ba lehae ba ile ba fuoa menyetla e fokolang ea liteko, tseo ho isa bohōleng bo itseng li neng li sitisa nts'etsopele ea li-chips tsa lehae tsa indasteri mme hape li ne li le kotsi ntlafatsong ea bokhoni ba indasteri ba lehae ba ho thibela kotsi.Li-chips tsa indasteri li fapane le li-chips tsa bareki, tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso, li-cycles tse batlang li le telele tsa R&D, botsitso bo phahameng ba ts'ebeliso le khafetsa ea phetisetso e tlase.Kamora hore ketane ea phepelo ea li-chip ea machabeng e khaotsoe kapa e behelloe meeli ke mabaka a sa sebetseng, ho thata ho fumana tse ling tse loketseng ka nako e khuts'oane ka lebaka la boiphihlelo bo tlase ba thekiso e kholo ea lichifi tsa lehae tsa indasteri hammoho le liteko le liphoso. le ho pheta-pheta, ka hona ho ama ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa indasteri.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, maemong a ho putlama ha moruo oa lehae ka kakaretso, liindasteri tsa khale li hloka ho hlaolela lintlha tse ncha tsa kholo ea indasteri, 'me meaho e mecha e ipapisitseng le li-chips tsa indasteri e khothaletsa phetoho le ntlafatso ea liindasteri, empa haeba bothata ba melala e tsitsitse. ha e rarolloe, e tla ama ka kotloloho kholo ea moruo o mocha oa indasteri le ho thibela tsoelopele e tsitsitseng ea leano la matla a indasteri.Ka lebaka la sena, li-chips tsa lehae tsa China li hloka sebaka se seholo sa nts'etsopele le 'maraka, tse sa thuseng feela nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea chip ea lehae, empa hape le ts'ebetsong e ntle le e ntle ea sistimi ea indasteri.